Caracterización clínica de pacientes con gangrena de Fournier del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto", 2008-2018 / Clinical characterization of patients with Fournier's gangrene at the Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto", 2008-2018 / Caracterização clínica de pacientes com gangrena de Fournier no Hospital Geral de Ensino "Dr. Agostinho Neto", 2008-2018

RESUMEN Introducción: La gangrena de Fournier se define como una forma específica de fascitis necrotizante Tipo I, que constituye una emergencia urológica, poco frecuente y de elevada mortalidad. Objetivo: Caracterizar la gangrena de Fournier en los pacientes atendidos en el servicio de Urología del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto" en el periodo enero 2008 - diciembre 2018. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de variables demográficas y clínicas (edad, sexo, mortalidad, comorbilidad, causas desencadenantes, sitio primario de la infección, sitio de extensión de la infección, estadía hospitalaria) en 20 pacientes. La historia clínica fue la fuente de información primaria. Los datos fueron procesados mediante el programa estadístico SPSS versión 20.0, y se utilizó la estadística descriptiva para determinar las frecuencias absolutas y relativas (porcentajes) y media. Resultados: El 100 % correspondió a varones con un promedio de edad de 64,0 años (27-92); la mortalidad fue del 40 %. La diabetes mellitus fue la comorbilidad más frecuente en 10 pacientes (50,0 %), 12 (60,0 %) tenían más de un proceso comórbido. Las lesiones cutáneas constituyeron la causa primaria en 11 (55,0 %), y los escrotos fueron el principal sitio de origen de la infección en el 55,0 %. El promedio de estadía hospitalaria fue de 37,7 días (7-75 días). Conclusiones: La correcta evaluación de las variables demográficas y clínicas es necesaria para establecer un correcto diagnóstico y plan de tratamiento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Fournier's gangrene is defined as a specific form of Type I necrotizing fasciitis, which constitutes a rare urological emergency with high mortality. Objective: To characterize Fournier's gangrene in patients treated in the Urology service of the Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto" in the period from January 2008 to December 2018. Method: A descriptive study of demographic and clinical variables (age, gender, mortality, comorbidity, triggering causes, primary site of infection, site of extension of the infection, hospital stay) was carried out in 20 patients. The medical history was the primary source of information. The data were processed using the statistical program SPSS, version 20.0, and descriptive statistics were used to determine the absolute and relative frequencies (percentages) and mean. Results: 100% corresponded to men with an average age of 64.0 years (27-92); mortality made a 40%. Diabetes mellitus was the most frequent comorbidity, in 10 of the patients (50.0%); 12 patients (60.0%) had more than one comorbid process. Skin lesions were the primary cause in 11 (55.0%), and the scrotum was the main site of origin of infection in 55.0%. The mean hospital stay was 37.7 days (7-75 days). Conclusions: The correct evaluation of the demographic and clinical variables is necessary to establish a correct diagnosis and treatment plan.

RESUMO Introdução: A gangrena de Fournier é definida como uma forma específica de fasceíte necrosante tipo I, que se constitui em uma rara emergência urológica com alta mortalidade. Objetivo: Caracterizar a gangrena de Fournier em pacientes atendidos no serviço de Urologia do Hospital Geral Universitário "Dr. Agostinho Neto" no período de janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2018. Método: Estudo descritivo de variáveis demográficas e clínicas (idade, sexo, mortalidade, comorbidade, causas desencadeantes, sítio primário de infecção, extensão do sítio de infecção, internação) em 20 pacientes. O histórico médico foi a principal fonte de informação. Os dados foram processados no programa estatístico SPSS versão 20.0, e a estatística descritiva foi utilizada para determinar as frequências absolutas e relativas (percentuais) e a média. Resultados: 100% corresponderam a homens com idade média de 64,0 anos (27-92); a mortalidade foi de 40%. Diabetes mellitus foi a comorbidade mais frequente em 10 pacientes (50,0%), 12 (60,0%) apresentaram mais de um processo comórbido. Lesões cutâneas foram a causa primária em 11 (55,0%), e o escroto foi o principal sítio de origem da infecção em 55,0%. O tempo médio de internação foi de 37,7 dias (7-75 dias). Conclusões: A correta avaliação das variáveis demográficas e clínicas é necessária para estabelecer um correto diagnóstico e plano de tratamento.

Gangrena de Fournier en un niño con síndrome nefrótico corticorresistente. A propósito de un caso / Fournier gangrene in a child with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Report of one case

La gangrena de Fournier es una fascitis necrotizante que afecta las regiones genital, perineal y perianal, de inicio súbito y diseminación rápidamente progresiva. Su diagnóstico obliga a una urgente intervención interdisciplinaria. La asociación con enfermedades nefrológicas es rara.Se presenta un caso de gangrena de Fournier en un niño con síndrome nefrótico corticorresistente y anasarca con edema escrotal grave. Recibió un esquema antibiótico de amplio espectro y se realizó un desbridamiento quirúrgico extenso e inmediato de la lesión necrótica. Posteriormente, requirió reparación por parte de Cirugía Plástica. Presentó una respuesta clínica favorable a la terapéutica instaurada.

Fournier gangrene is a necrotizing fasciitis that affects the genital, perineal and perianal regions, of sudden onset and rapidly progressive dissemination. Its diagnosis requires an urgent and interdisciplinary intervention. The association with nephrologic diseases is rare.We present a case of Fournier gangrene in a child with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and anasarca with severe scrotal edema. He received a broad-spectrum antibiotic scheme and extensive an immediate surgical debridement of the necrotic lesion was carried out. Subsequently, it was repaired by Plastic Surgery. He presented a favourable clinical response

Epidemiological study on Fournier syndrome in a tertiary hospital in Jundiaí-SP from October 2016 to October 2018 / Estudo epidemiológico sobre síndrome de Fournier em um hospital terciario de Jundiaí-SP de Outubro de 2016 a Outubro de 2018

Abstract Introduction: Fournier's gangrene is a polymicrobial infection caused by aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms, which determine a fast and progressive necrotizing fasciitis, compromising mainly the perineal region and the genital region, being able to evolve to sepsis, multiple organ failure and death. Treatment consists of early surgical diagnosis and debridement, associated with broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Objective: Compare the most prevalent epidemiological data of patients with Fournier's Syndrome with the data examined in the literature in order to evaluate the incidence in the analyzed service, treatment form and evolution of the patients with the disease. Materials and methods: Observational transversal study from the medical records of patients diagnosed with the disease at the São Vicente de Paulo Charity Hospital in Jundiaí, SP, from October 2016 to October 2018. Results: 23 patients with Fournier's Syndrome, all included in the study, and were analyzed. The most prevalent epidemiological data on the disease, such as age, sex, association with other comorbidities, treatment performed, mortality and early surgical procedure, had obtained a similar data as compared as the medical literature that was in studied. Conclusion: Despite the recognized severity of Fournier's Syndrome, early diagnosis combined with extensive surgical debridement, broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and measures and oxygen therapy when available are important measures to contain the rapid progression of the disease, thus decreasing its levels of mortality.

Resumo Introdução: A Gangrena de Fournier é uma infecção polimicrobiana ocasionada por microrganismos aeróbios e anaeróbios, que determinam uma fascite necrosante rápida e progressiva, comprometendo principalmente a região do períneo e a região genital, podendo evoluir para sepse, falência de múltiplos órgãos e óbito. O tratamento consiste no diagnóstico e desbridamento cirúrgico precoce, associado à antibioticoterapia de largo espectro e oxigenoterapia hiperbárica. Objetivo: Comparar dados epidemiológicos mais prevalentes dos pacientes diagnosticados com Síndrome de Fournier com os dados já descritos na literatura a fim de avaliar a incidência no serviço em questão analisado, forma de tratamento e evolução dos pacientes com a doença. Materiais e métodos: Estudo transversal observacional a partir da análise de prontuários de pacientes diagnosticados com a doença no Hospital de Caridade São Vicente de Paulo de Jundiaí-SP, no período entre Outubro de 2016 a Outubro de 2018. Resultados: Foram analisados 23 pacientes com diagnóstico de Síndrome de Fournier, todos incluídos na pesquisa. Avaliado os dados epidemiológicos mais prevalentes na doença, como faixa etária, sexo, associação com outras comorbidades, tratamento realizado, mortalidade decorrente da doença, período médio de internação, uso de antibioticoterapia e necessidade de procedimento cirúrgico, obtendo-se dados semelhantes com os já descritos na literatura médica. Conclusão: Apesar da reconhecida gravidade da Síndrome de Fournier, o diagnóstico precoce aliado ao desbridamento cirúrgico extenso, antibioticoterapia de amplo espectro e medidas e oxigenioterapia quando disponível são medidas importantes na contenção da rápida progressão da doença, diminuindo assim seus níveis de mortalidade.

Hemivulvectomía radical por gangrena de fournier en mujer con antecedente de radioterapia pélvica / Radical hemivulvectomy due to Fournier's gangrene in a woman with a history of pelvic radiotherapy

RESUMEN La Gangrena de Fournier es una infección necrotizante que afecta al área genitourinaria, perineal y perianal. Se trata de una infección muy grave con una rápida evolución a estadios avanzados y una elevada tasa de morbimortalidad asociada. Sin embargo, con frecuencia tiende a ser infradiagnosticada. Es vital en su manejo un diagnóstico basado en la sospecha clínica e inicio del tratamiento quirúrgico precoz con desbridamiento y exéresis de los tejidos afectos. Además, es crucial la asociación de antibioterapia de amplio espectro y el apoyo nutricional de soporte en el pronóstico de dicha entidad. En este artículo se revisa un caso clínico de Gangrena de Fournier, en una paciente con antecedentes de osteítis púbica y cistitis derivadas del tratamiento mediante radioterapia pélvica, diagnosticado y tratado con una hemivulvectomía radical, antibioterapia y lavados quirúrgicos en nuestro Hospital.

ABSTRACT The Fournier's Gangrene is a necrotizing infection which is located in the perineal area. It´s a severe infection, which involves a quick evolution to advanced stages where a high morbimortality rate is associated. However, it often tends to be underdiagnosed in early stages. The most important in the diagnosis is a high clinical suspicion and subsequent surgical treatment which is base on a desbridalment and exeresis of the affected tissues. In addition, the association of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and nutritional support are crucial. This report reviews a clinical case of Fournier's Gangrene, in a patient with a history of radiation induced cystitis and pubic osteitis after pelvic radiotherapy, diagnosed and treated with a radical hemivulvectomy, antibiotic therapy and lavages in our Hospital.

Profile of patients with Fournier's gangrene and their clinical evolution / Perfil dos pacientes com gangrena de Fournier e sua evolução clínica

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the profile of patients with Fournier's gangrene treated in a public tertiary hospital in western Paraná State. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional, retrospective and descriptive study of patients with Fournier's gangrene treated between January 2012 and November 2016. Results: there were 40 patients with Fournier's gangrene treated in the period, 29 (72.5%) men and 11 (27.5%) women. The mean age was 51.7±16.3 years. The mean time of disease progression, from the initial symptom to hospitalization, was 10.5±1.2 days. All patients had clinical signs such as pain, bulging, erythema, among others, and 38 (95%) had associated comorbidities, the most common being type 2 diabetes mellitus and systemic arterial hypertension. The majority (30 patients - 75%) had perianal abscess as the probable etiology. All patients were submitted to antibiotic therapy and surgical treatment, with a mean of 1.8±1.1 surgeries per patient. Nine (22.5%) patients died. There was a strong correlation between the presence of sepsis on admission and mortality. Conclusion: Fournier's gangrene patients in this series had a long disease duration and a high prevalence of comorbidities, with a high mortality rate.

ABSTRACT Objetivo: analisar o perfil dos pacientes com gangrena de Fournier tratados em um hospital público terciário do oeste do Paraná. Métodos: estudo transversal, retrospectivo e descritivo de pacientes portadores de gangrena de Fournier atendidos no período de janeiro de 2012 a novembro de 2016. Resultados: foram tratados 40 pacientes com gangrena de Fournier no período: 29 (72,5%) homens e 11 (27,5%) mulheres. A média de idade foi de 51,7±16,3 anos. A média de tempo de evolução da doença, do sintoma inicial até a internação, foi de 10,5±1,2 dias. Todos os pacientes apresentaram algum sinal clínico como dor, abaulamento, eritema, entre outros, e 38 (95%) tinham comorbidades associadas, sendo as mais comuns diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e hipertensão arterial sistêmica. A maioria (30 pacientes -75%) apresentava como etiologia provável abscesso perianal. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à antibioticoterapia e tratamento cirúrgico com média de 1,8±1,1 cirurgias por paciente. Nove (22,5%) pacientes morreram. Houve forte correlação entre a presença de sepse na admissão e mortalidade. Conclusão: pacientes portadores de gangrena de Fournier, nesta casuística, apresentavam longo tempo de doença e elevada prevalência de comorbidades com alto índice de mortalidade.

Risk factors for mortality in fournier's gangrene in a general hospital: use of simplified founier gangrene severe index score (SFGSI)

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate risk factors for mortality in patients with Fournier's gangrene (FG), with emphasis in the Simplified Fournier Gangrene Severe Index Score (SFGSI). Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional study that was carried out from January 2010 to December 2014, with 124 patients treated for FG in a General Hospital. Several clinical and laboratory variables, including SFGSI, were evaluated and correlated with mortality through univariate analysis and logistic regression. Results Of the 124 patients, 99 were men (79.8%), the mean age was 50.8±19.5 years and the main comorbidity was diabetes mellitus (51.6%). The mortality rate was 25.8%. Variables that presented independent correlation with mortality were the extension of the lesion to the abdomen (OR=4.0, CI=1.10-14.68, p=0.03), hematocrit (OR=0.81, CI=0.73-0.90, p<0.0001), potassium (OR=2.41, CI=1.13-5.10, p=0.02) and creatinine (OR=2.15, CI= 1.04-4.41, p=0.03). When hematocrit, potassium and creatinine were tested together, as part of the SFGSI, a >2 result was the largest of the independent predictors of mortality (OR=50.2; CI=13.18-191.47; p<0.0001). Conclusion The SFGSI >2 presented a higher correlation with mortality than any variable tested alone. It seems to be a promising alternative to evaluate predictors of mortality in Fournier's gangrene. The main advantage is easy applicability because it contains only three parameters and can be used immediately after patient's admission.

Fournier's gangrene: outcome analysis and prognostic factors

Background: Fournier's gangrene is an infective necrotising fasciitis of the external genitalia and perineum associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The factors associated with non survival have been described but are not universally accepted. The identification of prognostic factors remains critical to improve outcomes.Objectives: To determine the hospital based mortality and factors associated with non-survival among subjects with a clinical diagnosis of Fournier's gangrene. Methods: A prospective hospital based observational study on 51patients with a clinical diagnosis of Fournier's gangrene over a 2-year period. A comparison was made between survivors and non-survivors to establish prognostic factors associated with non survival.Results: The disease related hospital mortality was 27% (14/51). The mean age of the 51, all male patients was 47 years. An older age was significantly associated with non-survival (p=0.02). The presence of renal dysfunction (p=0.001), severe sepsis (p=0.000), delay in surgical debridment (p=0.04), urogenital source of infection (p=0.01), a body surface area involvement of greater than 5% (p=0.006), abdominal wall involvement (p=0.02) on admission were significant factors associated with mortality. The presence of either HIV infection or diabetes mellitus was not a prognostic indicator of mortality. The clinical and biochemical parameters on admission associated with non survival were a high respiratory rate (p=0.03), a low hemoglobin(p=0.0001), an elevated blood urea nitrogen (p=0.005) and creatinine (p=0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis did not show any independent factors associated with non survival.Conclusion: Fournier's gangrene remains a fatal condition with a hospital mortality of 27%. Prognostic factors for non survival include an advanced age, a urogenital source of infection, abdominal involvement, severe sepsis and renal dysfunction

Síndrome de Fournier: estudo de 32 pacientes do diagnóstico à reconstrução / Fourniers gangrene: study of 32 patients from diagnosis to reconstruction

Objetivo: apresentar a experiência do serviço, enfatizando a importância do diagnóstico precoce, tratamento cirúrgico agressivo, ampla cobertura antibiótica e a necessidade de reconstrução do períneo destes pacientes. Material e Métodos: estudo de 32 pacientes consecutivos tratados de novembro de 1998 a janeiro de 2008. Resultados: 31 (96,8%) masculinos e um (3,2%) feminino. Quanto à etnia, 20 eram brancos, sete pardos e cinco negros. A idade variou entre 23 e 88 anos (média de 50,9 anos). A lesão inicial foi identificada em todos os casos, sendo o abscesso (genital/perianal) responsável por 27 (84,3%) dos pacientes. Os fatores associados estiveram presentes em 18 (56,3%) casos: diabetes mellitus em 10, alcoolismo em sete, paraplegia em seis, AIDS em três, obesidade em três e desnutrição em dois; destes cinco (15,6%) eram presidiários. O tratamento consistiu de desbridamento cirúrgico precoce e agressivo, com média de 1,5 por paciente. Realizaram-se quatro (12,5%) colostomias em alça e sete (21,8%) cistostomias. A associação de ceftriaxona com clindamicina foi utilizada em 15 (46,8%) pacientes. A reconstrução foi feita por: sutura primária ? nove casos (28,1%); retalhos cutâneos locais e cicatrização por segunda intenção ? sete casos (21,8%)/cada; enxertos de pele parcial ? seis casos(18,7%). Três pacientes morreram (9,3%). O tempo médio de permanência hospitalar foi de 26,1 dias. Conclusão: O diagnóstico precoce aliado ao desbridamento cirúrgico extenso são medidas importantes na contenção da rápida progressão da síndrome, associados a medidas de suporte clínico e ampla cobertura antimicrobiana. Os métodos de reconstrução têm um papel importante no sentido de minimizar as deformidades, restituindo ao paciente sua autoimagem.

Objective: to evaluate the experience of our institution, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis, aggressive surgical débridement combined with broad-spectrum antibiotic, and the need for reconstruction of the perineum these patients. Methods: study of 32 consecutive patients treated from November 1998 to January 2008. Results: there were 31 (96.8%) males and one (3.2%) female. The patients ranged in age from 23 to 88 years (mean age 50.9 years). Of the 31 patients, 20 (62.5%) were white, seven (21.8%) were non-white and five (15.5%) were black. The primary lesion was localized in all cases, being the abscess (genital/perianal) responsible for 27 (84.3%) patients. There were a number of predisposing factors in eighteen patients (56.3%). Ten patients were diabetic, 7 were alcoholic, 6 were paraplegic, 3 had AIDS, 3 (9.3%) were obese. There was malnutrition in 2 (6.4%) and 5 (15.6%) were penitentiary inmates. The treatment consisted of precocious and wide surgical debridement which was performed in all patients. Most patients received multiple debridements (mean 1.5 per patient). There were 4 (12.5%) colostomies and 7 (21.8%) cistostomies. Fifteen patients (46.8%) received broad-spectrum antibiotic coverage (ceftriaxone associated with clindamicyn). Nine patients (28.1%) had primary suture, seven patients (21.8%) had local cutaneous grafts and second intention healing; three patients (9.3%) died. The average hospital stay was 26.1 days. Conclusion: FG requires a prompt diagnosis, immediate surgical treatment and antibiotic coverage. Methods of reconstruction are important not only for minimizing deformities but also for restoration of the patient autoimage.

Fascitis necrotizante perineal: Gangrena de Fournier / Perineal necrotizing fasciitis: Fournier's gangrene

La gangrena de Fournier o fascitis necrotizante perineal es una entidad infecciosa que afecta las fascias perineales y/o sus dependencias. Es prevalente en hombres de la 5ta o 6tadécada de su vida, y es más común en diabéticos, obesos, enolistas o inmunodeprimidos. El sostén metabólico, la antibioticoterapia, eldebridamiento de tejidos necróticos y la reparación de tejidos son los pilares del tratamiento. Reporte de casos: En el presente artículo presentamos unarevisión bibliográfica de esta enfermedad, y presentamos 3 casos dediferente resolución en nuestro hospital, a modo de ejemplo, con susrespectivos registros fotográficos. Discusión: La fascitis necrotizante perineal es una grave entidad infecciosa que requiere diagnóstico temprano, tratamiento oportuno multidisciplinario y reconstrucción de tejidos según el caso, para lo cual existen varias opciones...

Fournier's gangrene or perineal necrotizing fasciitis is an infectious entity affecting perineal fascias and / or its dependencies. It is more prevalent in men in the 5th or 6thdecade of life and is more common in diabetics, obese, alcoholics or immunodeppressed. Metabolic support, antibiotic therapy, debridement of necrotic tissue and tissue repair arethekey of treatment. Cases Report: In this article we present a literature review of the disease and present 3 cases of different resolution in ourhospital, as examples, with their photographic records. Discussion: The perineal necrotizing fasciitis is aseriousinfectious entity that requires early diagnosis, early multidisciplinary treatment and tissue reconstruction according to case, for which there are several options...

Gangrena de Fournier / Fournier's gangrene

Introducción: la gangrena de Fournier es una enfermedad rara y grave, caracterizada por fasciitis necrotizante, sinergística y polimicrobiana, que mantiene alta mortalidad. Objetivo: contribuir a un mayor conocimiento del diagnóstico, tratamiento y pronóstico individual de esta rara enfermedad. Métodos: fueron estudiados siete pacientes tratados entre febrero de 2010 y abril de 2011. Se evaluaron datos demográficos, enfermedades asociadas, etiología, tratamiento, complicaciones y mortalidad, así como tiempo con sonda y estadía hospitalaria. Resultados: Los pacientes fueron hombres con edad media de 43,3 años; el más joven tenía 30 años y el mayor 49. Enfermedades asociadas: síndrome de inmuno deficiencia adquirida (2), diabetes mellitus (1), hipertensión arterial (1). El origen perineal (4) y escrotal (3). Tres pacientes referían fístulas o abscesos perineales. El tiempo de evolución fluctuó entre 6 y 30 días. Las manifestaciones clínicas se caracterizaron por dolor, aumento de volumen en regiones perineal, escrotal o ambas y secreción fétida. Se encontró crepitación cuando la enfermedad invadió regiones inguinales y pared abdominal. El tratamiento quirúrgico comprendió desbridamiento y derivaciones digestivas (colostomía), urológicas (cistotomía) o ambas. El número de intervenciones varió entre tres y siete. Se practicó la reconstrucción quirúrgica del periné y escroto con el uso de injertos de piel a los sobrevivientes. Tres enfermos (42,9 porciento) tuvieron complicaciones: shock séptico, fallo orgánico múltiple y estenosis uretral tardía (1). Falleció un enfermo (14,3 porciento), que había ingresado con manifestaciones de shock séptico. Conclusiones: El éxito del tratamiento se logra con el diagnóstico temprano, desbridamiento quirúrgico precoz, agresivo y antibioticoterapia de amplio espectro(AU)

Introduction: Fournier's gangrene is a rare and serious disease, which is characterized by necrotizing, synergistic and polymicrobial fasciitis and maintains high mortality. Objective: to contribute to a better knowledge about the individual diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of this rare disease. Methods: Seven patients who were treated from February 2010 to April 2011 were studied. Demographic data, associated diseases, etiology, treatment, complications and mortality were evaluated as well as the time with probe and hospital stay. Results: the patients were men with a mean age of 43, 3 years; the youngest was 30 years old and the oldest was 49. The associated diseases were: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (2), diabetes mellitus (1), and hypertension (1). The origins were perineal (4) and scrotal (3). Three patients reported to have perineal fistulas or abscesses. The time of evolution fluctuated between 6 and 30 days. Clinical manifestations were characterized by pain, increase in volume in perineal or scrotal regions or both and fetid secretion. Crepitation was found when the disease occupied the inguinal regions and the abdominal wall. Surgical treatment required debridement and digestive derivations (colostomy), urinary derivations (cytostomy) or both. The number of interventions varied between three and seven. Surgical reconstruction of the perineum and scrotum was practiced, using skin grafts in the survivors. Three patients (42.9 percent) presented complications: septic shock, multiple organ failure and late urethral stricture (1). A patient who had been admitted with manifestations of septic shock died (14.3 percent). Conclusions: the success of the treatment is achieved with the early diagnosis, early aggressive surgical debridement, and broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy(AU)

Relato de caso: Síndrome de Fournier após implantação de sling transobturatório / Case report: Fournier’s syndrome after implantation of transobturator sling

Introdução: As infecções hospitalares são um problema comum que,além da alta taxa de morbimortalidade associada, gera altos custos aosistema de saúde brasileiro. No processo de infecção hospitalar, as patologiasde base e os procedimentos invasivos terapêuticos ou diagnósticossão importantes fatores determinantes; afetando os mecanismosde defesa, ou mesmo veiculando os agentes infecciosos. No sistemategumentar, uma infecção que gera grande preocupação é a FasciiteNecrosante. Um tipo de Fasciite Necrosante importante por suas característicasde gravidade é a Gangrena de Fournier. A doença acomete asregiões genital, perineal e perianal.Objetivos: Relatar o caso de uma paciente com diagnóstico de distopiaVesical grau II que evoluiu com gangrena de Fournier, após cirurgiapara implantação transobturatória de sling sintético de marlex, no HospitalRegional de Sobradinho- DF, visando discutir os aspectos relacionadosà infecção do sitio cirúrgico.Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo de caso clínico compreendidoentre o período de outubro de 2010 e julho de 2011, avaliando todaa evolução clínica e complicações de uma paciente com Gangrena deFournier algum tempo após cirurgia ginecológica para implantação desling.Resultados: A paciente do presente estudo evoluiu, após reintervençãocirúrgica e medicamentosa, com melhora progressiva, recebendo altano 38.° dia após a colocação de sling, com orientação para acompanhamentoambulatorial.Conclusão: Entre as infecções hospitalares, ainda comuns dentro darotina médica, a Gangrena de Fournier, de grave impacto, requer diagnósticoe intervenção rápidos para um desfecho satisfatório.

Introduction: Hospital infections are a common problem, generatinghigh costs to the Brazilian health system, besides the high mortality rateassociated. In the process of hospital infection, the basic pathologiesand invasive therapeutic or diagnostic procedures are important determinantsfactors; affecting defense mechanisms or even conveying infectiousagents. In the tegumentary system, an infection that causes concernis Necrotizing Fasciitis. An important type of Necrotizing Fasciitisfor its characteristics and gravity is the Fournier Gangrene. The diseaseaffects the genital, perianal and perineal regions.Objectives: We report a case of Fournier’s gangrene in a female patientwith a diagnosis of vesical dystopia grade II who underwent surgicalimplantation of synthetic transobturator marlex sling at Sobradinho’sRegional Hospital, in Distrito Federal, Brazil, in order to discuss relatedsite infection surgery aspects.Methodology: This is a report case related to the period between October2010 and July 2011, compreending evolutive complications andclinical outcome of a patient with Fournier Gangrene sometime aftergynecological surgery for transobturatory sling implant.Results: The patient involved in this study evolved after surgical interventionand drug therapy, with progressive improvement and wasdischarged from the hospital on the 38th day after the sling placement,with guidance for outpatient treatment.Conclusion: Among nosocomial infections, still common in the medicalroutine, Fournier gangrene, of severe impact, requires rapid diagnosisand intervention for satisfactory outcome.

Gangrena de Fournier / Fournier's gangrene

Se presenta el caso de un paciente con gangrena de Fournier o fascitis necrosante. Después de su ingreso en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos se le realizó tratamiento quirúrgico precoz (incisión y drenaje amplio de toda la zona afectada así como desbridamiento de la zona de necrosis); se tomó muestra de pus para estudio microbiológico y se comenzó tratamiento antibiótico de inmediato (ceftriaxona, amikacina y metronidazol). Se identificaron como agentes causantes del proceso Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Escherichia coli (sensibles a la ceftriaxona y la amikacina). Como tratamiento coadyuvante, se aplicaron 10 sesiones de cámara hiperbárica y 12 dosis de factor de crecimiento humano recombinante liofilizado, que se infiltraron en el interior de la zona quirúrgica para contribuir al cierre por tercera intención(AU)

This is the case of a patient presenting with Fournier gangrene of necrotizing fasciitis. After admission in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) he undergoes an early surgical treatment (incision and wide drainage of the whole involved zone as well as debridement of necrosis zone); a pus sample was took for microbiologic study and a immediate antibiotic treatment was started (Ceftriaxone, Amikacin and Metronidazole). Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli (sensitive to Ceftriaxone and Amikacin) were identified as the causative agents of process. As adjuvant treatment ten sessions of hyperbaric chamber were applied and twelve dose of lyophilized recombinant human growth factor with infiltration into the surgical zone for the third intention closure(AU)

Gangrena de Fournier en asociación con el uso de anti-inflamatorios no esteroideos: Reporte de un caso pediátrico / An unusual presentation of Fournier's gangrene: ¿Is there a relationship with NSAID use? Pediatric case report

La gangrena de Fournier es una enfermedad amenazante para la vida, que se caracteriza por fascitis necrosante del área perineal. Afecta con mayor frecuencia a pacientes adultos con inmunosupresión y son pocos los casos reportados en la población pediátrica. El uso de fármacos anti-inflamatorios no esteroideos (AINEs) se ha asociado con fascitis necrosante, probablemente por supresión de la inmunidad durante la infección. Describimos el caso de un paciente con 6 meses de edad sin factores inmu-nosupresores, con gangrena de Fournier, probablemente asociada a la ingesta de AINEs.

Founier's gangrene is a rare but life-threatening disease characterized by necrotizing fasciitis of the perineal area. It mostly affects adult patients with an immunosuppressant factor and there are only a few cases reported in children. Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has been associated with necrotizing fasciitis probably because of suppressing host immunity during infection. We describe a case of a six month old infant without im-munosuppressant factors, with Founier´s gangrene probably associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory intake.

Gangrena de Fournier: relato de três casos, achados tomográficos e revisão da literatura / Fournier gangrene: report of three cases, computed tomography imaging findings and literature review

Os autores relatam três casos de pacientes com gangrena de Fournier. Esta é uma doença infecciosa polimicrobiana que acomete o períneo e a genitália, notadamente nos indivíduos do sexo masculino, cuja porta de entrada é mais comumente geniturinária, colorretal ou cutânea e que pode,ainda, não ter foco definido. Potencialmente letal, requer tratamento clínico e cirúrgico imediatos. O objetivo deste relato é demonstrar os principais achados na tomografia computadorizada e realizar uma breve revisão de literatura sobre o assunto.

The authors report three cases of patients with Fournier gangrene.This is a polymicrobial infectious disease that affects the perineumand genitalia, especially in males, whose source is most commonlygenitourinary, colorectal or cutaneous and may also not have aclearly defined focus. Potentially lethal, requires immediate clinicaland surgical treatment. The purpose of this report is to describe the main findings of imaging on computed tomography in this disease and to briefly review the literature on the subject.

Gangrena de Fournier / Fournier’s gangrene

La Gangrena de Fournier es una enfermedad infecciosa caracterizada por una fascitis necrotizante de evolución fulminante que afecta a la región perineal, genital o perianal, presentando una rápida progresión y alta letalidad, siendo la etiología identificable en un 95 por ciento de los casos. La enfermedad ha sido descrita en ambos géneros, con edad promedio de presentación de 40 años y una mayor prevalencia en hombres, con una relación 10:1. La variedad de manifestaciones clínicas dificulta el diagnóstico, el que es fundamentalmente clínico. El tratamiento debe ser oportuno y agresivo, contemplando tres pilares fundamentales: manejo hidroelectrolítico y nutricional, antiobioterapia de amplio espectro y desbridamiento quirúrgico amplio. En este artículo presentamos una revisión sistemática actualizada de la literatura acerca de esta interesante entidad patológica, con especial énfasis en la epidemiología, etiología, presentación clínica, diagnóstico y tratamiento.